Observation on the teaching effect of mind mapping on interns in nephrology department / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To improve the critical thinking ability of interns in nephrology department based on electronic "Spot" mind mapping teaching method.Methods:In the control group, the traditional clinical teaching method was adopted. Each kidney disease unit was divided into 3 courses. ①The clinical practice teacher dictated or demonstrated his/her experience to the student in the first class. ②Students could exchange questions and answers in the second class. ③In the third class, according to the homework situation, the teacher presided over the discussion, guided the students to express their difficulties and help them solve the problems. The research group adopted the electronic "Spot" mind mapping teaching method: ①Grouping: the students were divided into groups, 6 to 8 people in each group, a total of 16 groups. ②Preparation: each group established a WeChat group, and teachers guided them download the Mindmanager software and learn its mapping method. ③In class: each kidney disease unit was divided into 3 sessions. In the first class, based on what the instructor taught, the students summarized the contents and drew a mind map, and then explain their understanding according to the map. In the second class, "Spot" in the group was conducted based on standards, reading each other in the group, actively discussing with each other, further improving and reconstructing the core knowledge points of the chapter, and encouraging each student to actively participate in enhancing their subjective initiative in learning. In the third class, teachers evaluated students according to their learning situation, and students filled in the gaps according to their opinions, perfected their mind maps, and finally posted to the WeChat group. ④Review: the final versions were sent to the WeChat groups as review materials, which was convenient for learning together. SPSS 24.0 was used for Chi-square test.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups before study ( P>0.005). After the research, the scores of theory test ( t=2.52, P=0.015), clinical skill test ( t=2.22, P=0.034) and total score ( t=3.53, P=0.003) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of critical thinking ability between the two groups before research ( P>0.05). Six months after research, the total scores of critical thinking ability in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The introduction of electronic "Spot" mind mapping teaching method into clinical practice teaching can realize the cross-linking of related knowledge points and systematize the knowledge. At the same time, it is interesting and can stimulate students' learning interest, and is helpful to cultivate the clinical critical thinking ability of students.

Effects of electroacupuncture on NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD axis and neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemic reperfusion / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the neuroprotective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Quchi" (LI 11) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) in the rats with cerebral ischemic reperfusion and the potential mechanism of microglia pyroptosis.@*METHODS@#Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group and an EA group, with 20 rats in each group. The Zea Longa method was employed to establish the rat model of the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MACO/R) in the left brain. In the EA group, since the 2nd day of modeling, EA was given at "Quchi" (LI 11) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) of right side with disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency and 0.2 mA in current intensity, 30 min each time, once a day for lasting 7 consecutive days. The reduction rate of cerebral blood flow was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry during operation. The neurological function of rats was observed using Zea Longa neurobehavioral score. The cerebral infarction volume was detected by TTC staining method. The microglia positive expression in the ischemic side of the cortex was detected with the immunofluorescence method. Under transmission electron microscope, the ultrastructure of cell in the ischemic cortex was observed. The mRNA expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the ischemic cortex were detected using real-time PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham-operation group, in the model group, the reduction rate of cerebral blood flow was increased during operation (P<0.001); Zea Longa neurobehavional score and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume were increased (P<0.001), the numbers of M1-type microglia marked by CD68+ and M2-type microglia marked by TMEM119+ were elevated in the ischemic cortex (P<0.001), the mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD was increased (P<0.001, P<0.01); the cytomembrane structure was destroyed, with more cell membrane pores formed in the ischemic cortex. Compared with the model group, after intervention, Zea Longa neurobehavioral score and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume were reduced (P<0.05), the number of M1-type microglia marked by CD68+ was reduced (P<0.05) and the number of M2-type microglia marked by TMEM119+ was increased (P<0.05); and the mRNA expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the EA group. Even though the cytomembrane structure was incomplete, there were less membrane pores presented in the ischemic cortex in the EA group after intervention.@*CONCLUSION@#The intervention with EA attenuates the neurological dysfunction and reduces the volume of cerebral infarction in the rats with cerebral ischemic reperfusion. The underlying mechanism is related to the inhibition of microglia pyroptosis through modulating NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD axis.

A comparative study of multiple parallel mediation analysis methods / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To introduce and compare four analysis methods of multiple parallel mediation model, including pure regression method, method based on inverse probability weighting, extended natural effect model method and weight-based imputation strategies. Methods: For the multiple parallel mediation model, the simulation experiments of three scenarios were carried out to compare the performance of different methods in estimating direct and indirect effects in different situations. Dataset from UK Biobank was then analyzed by using the four methods. Results: The estimation biases of the regression method and the inverse probability weighting method were relatively small, followed by the extended natural effect model method, and the estimation results of the weight-based imputation strategies were quite different from the other three methods. Conclusions: Different multiple parallel mediation analysis methods have different application situations and their own advantages and disadvantages. The regression method is more suitable for continuous mediator, and the inverse probability weighting method is more suitable for binary mediator. The extended natural effect model method has better performances when the residuals of two parallel mediators are positively correlated and the correlation degree is small. The weight-based imputation strategies might not be appropriate for parallel mediation analysis. Therefore, appropriate methods should be selected according to the specific situation in practice.

Research progress on chemical constituents and biological activities of Sarcandra glabra / 中国中药杂志

Sarcandra glabra, a medicinal plant in family Chloranthaceae, has been taken as an important raw material for multiple Chinese patent drugs due to its diverse indications. Considering the diversified chemical constituents and rich biological activities of S. glabra, numerous phytochemical and pharmacodynamic investigations were conducted to explore the material basis for its medicinal use. It has been found that its main chemical constituents were sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpenoid polymers, phenolic acids, coumarins, and flavonoids. As revealed by pharmacological research, it possesses multiple biological activities like anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and neuroprotection. Some unreported novel structures, including polymers of lindenane sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, sesquiterpene trimers, and adducts of flavonoids and monoterpenes, have been identified from S. glabra in recent years. Moreover, biological studies relating to its anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities have been deepened. This paper reviewed the chemical constituents and bioactivities of S. glabra explored over the past ten years, so as to provide a scientific basis for further development and utilization of this plant.

Electroacupuncture Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury and Cellular Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Translocation of Cofilin / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the potential mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) to prevent ischemic stroke.@*METHODS@#The method of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed to establish a rat model of ischemic stroke. Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group, MCAO + EA control (EC) group, and MCAO + EA (EA) group according to a random number table (n=26 per group). EA was applied to the acupoints of Baihui (DU 20) and Shenting (DU 24) 5 min and 6 h, respectively after the onset of MCAO. Rats in the sham and EC groups received only light isoflurane anesthesia for 30 min after MCAO. The neuroprotective effects of EA were evaluated by rota-rod test, neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes. Additionally, Nissl staining and immunostaining were performed to examine brain damage, rod formation, cellular apoptosis, and neuronal loss induced by ischemia. The activities of caspase-3, and expression levels of cofilin and p-cofilin in mitochondria and cytoplasm after ischemic injury were determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the EC group, EA significantly improved neuromotor function and cognitive ability after ischemic stroke (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Therapeutic use of EA also resulted in a significant decrease of cofilin rod formation and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) degradation in the cortical penumbra area compared with the EC rats (P<0.01). Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that EA stimulation significantly inhibited mitochondrial translocation of cofilin and caspase-3 cleavage (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Additionally, brain damage (infarct volume and neuropathy), cellular apoptosis and neuronal loss induced by ischemia were remarkably suppressed by EA in the cortical penumbra of rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#EA treatment after ischemic stroke may attenuate ischemic brain injury and cellular apoptosis through the regulation of mitochondrial translocation of cofilin, a novel mechanism of EA therapy.

Research progress on chemical constituents from Chloranthus plants and their biological activities / 中国中药杂志

The genus Chloranthus has 13 species and 5 varieties in China, which can be found in the southwest and northeast regions. Phytochemical studies on Chloranthus plants have reported a large amount of terpenoids, such as diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoid dimers. Their anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, antifungal, antivirus, and neuroprotection activities have been confirmed by previous pharmacological research. Herein, research on the chemical constituents from Chloranthus plants and their biological activities over the five years was summarized to provide scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Chloranthus plants.

Chemical constituents of sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus multistachys / 中国中药杂志

With repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica(ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, normal-phase and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), etc., a pair of new enantiomers and 5 known compounds were separated from the 95% ethanol extract of Chloranthus multistachys. These compounds were identified by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(including 1 D-NMR and 2 D-NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, circular dichroism(CD) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry(MS), and some other methods as(1R,4R,5R,8S,10R)-chloraeudolide H(1 a),(1S,4S,5S,8R,10S)-chloraeudolide H(1 b), hydroxyisogermafurenolide(2), 4α-hydroxy-5α,8β(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide(3), chloraniolide A(4), chlorantene D(5), 4α,8β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide(6). Compounds 1 a and 1 b are a pair of new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene enantiomers, and compounds 2-4 were isolated from C. multistachys for the first time.

The mechanism of RCE-4, an active ingredient of Reineckia carnea, in combination with celecoxib on the anti-proliferation of cervical cancer Ca Ski cells / 药学学报

This research explored the synergistic effects and the potential mechanisms of RCE-4 and various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the proliferation of cervical cancer Ca Ski cells. The MTT assay and CalcuSyn V2.0 software were used to detect cell proliferation and calculate the combination index (CI); the expression levels of various proteins were analyzed using Western blot assay; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 staining; acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double-fluorescence staining was used to detect the apoptosis of Ca Ski cells; a co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to analyze the relative content of Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex in Ca Ski cells. The results demonstrate that the combination of RCE-4 and NSAIDs increases the inhibition of Ca Ski cells compared to the single-RCE-4 group, and celecoxib provided the best synergistic effect among the four NSAIDs tested, with a CI of 0.32. The combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib significantly down-regulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and promoted the expression of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activity gene-1 (NAG-1). In addition, autophagy induced by RCE-4 was markedly inhibited in combination with celecoxib, which was associated with down-regulation of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin 1, p62 and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3/4B/5/7/14. RCE-4-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by altering the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B cell lymphoma-xl (Bcl-xl), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2/Bcl-xl-associated death promoter (Bad) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (cleaved-caspase) 3/7/9. Furthermore, the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex was significantly inhibited in Ca Ski cells treated with RCE-4 in combination with celecoxib. Taken together, this research shows that the combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib has a significant synergistic effect on the proliferation of Ca Ski cells by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy and disturbing the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex, which may be a novel strategy to increase the sensitivity of anti-cervical cancer drugs.

A new cembranoid diterpene from Olibanum / 中国中药杂志

Five compounds were isolated from the alcohol extract of Olibanum by MCI, silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). On the basis of spectral data and literature data, the compounds were identified as:(1S,3R,4S,7R,11S,12R)-1:12,4:7-diepoxisonane-8(19)-ene-3,11-diol(1), boscartin A(2),(+)-resinolin(3),(+)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2(5H)-one(4), and acerogenin A(5). Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 3-5 were isolated from Olibanum for the first time. The structure of compound 1 was determined by spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for PC12 neurotoxicity, and the results showed that they were both safe compounds.

A new sesquiterpene from Chloranthus henryi / 中国中药杂志

Eight sesquiterpenes were isolated and purified from the ethanol extract of Chloranthus henryi by column chromatographies over silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20,and preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were established by spectral data and physiochemical properties as(1S,6S,8S,10R)-8-ethoxy-10-methoxychlomultin C(1),tianmushanol(2),multistalide A(3),myrrhterpenoid N(4),1α,9α-dihydroxy-8,12-expoxy-eudesma-4,7,11-trien-6-one(5),4β,10α-aromadendranediol(6),oplopanone(7),10α-hydroxycadinan-4-en-3-one(8). Among them, compound(1) was a new compound, and compounds 2-8 were isolated from Chloranthus henryi for the first time.

Studies on chemical constituents of Chloranthus fortunei / 中草药

Objective: To study the antitumor constituents from Chloranthus fortunei. Methods: Various chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods were applied to investigate the chemical constituents from C. fortunei, and some of the compounds were screened for their antitumor activities by MTT method. Results: Sixteen compounds were obtained from the whole plants of C. fortunei and identified as rosmarinic acid (1), 2’-hydroxy-4,3’,4’,6’-tetramethoxychalcone (2), flavokawain A (3), cycloshizukaol A (4), atractylenolide III (5), 4β-hydroxy-8,12-epoxyeudesma-7,11-diene-1,6-dione (6), (8α)-6,8-dihydroxycadina-7 (11),10 (15)-dien-12-oic acid γ-lactone (7), curcolonol (8), 11-hydroxyldrim-8,12-en-14-oic acid (9), friedelin (10), isovanillic acid (11), 6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (12), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (13), shikimic acid (14), scopolin (15) and N-acetyltyramine 1-O-β-D-glucoside (16). Compounds 4 and 5 showed weak cytotoxicity with IC50 ranged from 46 to 85 μmol/L. Conclusion: Compounds 2, 10, 11, and 13-15 are obtained from the genus Chloranthus for the first time and compounds 1-3 and 6-16 are isolated from C. fortunei for the first time. Some sesquiterpenoids from C. fortunei exhibited weak antitumor activities.

A pair of enantiomeric sesquiterpenoids with neuroprotective effects from Chloranthus henryi / 药学学报

An ethanol extract of Chloranthus henryi (Chloranthaceae) was subjected to various chromatographic procedures including silica gel column chromatography, MCI column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Five purified sesquiterpenes analyzed by spectroscopic analyses (MS, IR, NMR) and single crystal X-ray diffraction were elucidated as (1S,6S,8R)-8-ethoxychlomultin C (1a), (1R,6R,8S)-8-ethoxychlomultin C (1b), (+)-phaeocaulin D (2), atractylenolide Ⅰ (3), and 8-β-ethoxyasterolid (4). Compounds 1a and 1b were a new pair of sesquiterpene enantiomers and compounds 2-4 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1a, 1b, 2 and 3 increased cell viability in H2O2-treated PC12 cells from (43.41 ± 1.59) % to (61.71 ± 7.56) %, (66.05 ± 5.61) %, (74.34 ± 3.32) % and (69.58 ± 5.02) % at 10 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Flavonoids from the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneata / 药学学报

The chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cour.) G. Don were investigated using chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel, reversed phase MPLC and preparative HPLC. Five compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties, which were identified as 7-O-glucosyllaburnetin (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (3), vitexin (4), and isovitexin (5). Among those, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2-3 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1-5 were tested for their anti-ulcerative colitis activity by dual luciferase report gene assay targeting xbp1. Compared with control group, compound 1 showed a certain activity on activating the transcription of xbp1, with its relative activating ratio being 1.80 times.

Association between corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (rs4458044) polymorphism and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between rs4458044 site of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) polymorphism and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).@*Methods@#Eighty-five blood specimens were collected from newborns with PPHN in Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between March 2012 and March 2018, and 50 blood specimens were collected from healthy newborns as controls.The basic clinical data, clinical laboratory results, distribution of CRHR1 (rs4458044) polymorphism were retrospectively analyzed by t-test and χ2 test.@*Results@#No significant difference existed in gender, gestational age, birth weight and 1 minute Apgar score between newborns with PPHN and the normal controls (all P>0.05). Significant difference existed in auxiliary ventilation time and maximum oxygenation index between newborns with PPHN and the normal controls (all P<0.05). Gene frequency of CRHR1 (rs4458044) GG, CG and CC gene types in newborns with PPHN and controls was 2.35%, 43.53%, 54.12% and 50.00%, 38.00%, 12.00%, respectively.The CG/CC gene type was significantly higher in newborns with PPHN than the normal controls (P<0.05). The CG/CC gene type newborns had a higher risk for getting PPHN than GG gene type newborns (GG gene type as reference, CG gene type OR=24.34, 95%CI: 5.20-113.87, P=0.00; CC gene type OR=95.83, 95%CI: 17.99-510.49, P=0.00). Auxiliary ventilation time and maximum oxygenation index of newborns carrying C allele were higher than those without carrying C allele.@*Conclusion@#CRHR1 (rs4458044) polymorphism is closely associated with PPHNs.

Pneumothorax in critically ill neonates: diagnosis using bedside ultrasonography / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the value of lung ultrasonography (LUS) in the diagnosis of pneumothorax in critically ill neonates.Method The neonates admitted to our NICU and suspected to have pneumothorax were prospectively enrolled from June 2017 to December 2018.All eligible infants received both LUS examination and chest X-ray.The characteristics of LUS imaging was analyzed based on the chest X-ray which was used as the golden standard for the diagnosis of pneumothorax.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of LUS is computed.The duration of LUS and chest X-ray were compared.The outcome and complications were also observed.Result Fifty neonates with suspected pneumothorax were collected.Among them,pneumothorax was confirmed with chest X-ray in 31 neonates (62.0％).Ultrasound signs of pneumothorax included absence of lung sliding (100％),absence of B lines (100％),stratosphere sign (100％) were observed in all of the 31 neonates.Presence of lung point was also observed in 90.3％ of the patients.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and X-ray coincidence rate of LUS in the diagnosis of pneumothorax were 100％.LUS and chest X-ray examination took (5.6 ±5.1) min and (20.1 ± 12.2) min,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).All 31 infants with pneumothorax survived.15 infants underwent closed thoracic drainage after emergency thoracic puncture or aspiration assisted by LUS.No postoperative complications occurred.Conclusion LUS showed high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity in detecting pneumothorax in critically ill neonates.It is simple to operate and can guide clinical rescue more promptly and quickly.

Association between corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (rs4458044)polymorphism and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the association between rs4458044 site of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) polymorphism and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).Methods Eighty-five blood specimens were collected from newborns with PPHN in Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between March 2012 and March 2018,and 50 blood specimens were collected from healthy newborns as controls.The basic clinical data,clinical laboratory results,distribution of CRHR1 (rs4458044) polymorphism were retrospectively analyzed by t-test andx2 test.Results No significant difference existed in gender,gestational age,birth weight and 1 minute Apgar score between newborns with PPHN and the normal controls (all P ＞ 0.05).Significant difference existed in auxiliary ventilation time and maximum oxygenation index between newborns with PPHN and the normal controls (all P ＜ 0.05).Gene frequency of CRHR1 (rs4458044) GG,CG and CC gene types in newborns with PPHN and controls was 2.35％,43.53％,54.12％ and 50.00％,38.00％,12.00％,respectively.The CG/CC gene type was significantly higher in newborns with PPHN than the normal controls (P ＜ 0.05).The CG/CC gene type newborns had a higher risk for getting PPHN than GG gene type newborns (GG gene type as reference,C G gene type OR =24.34,95％ CI:5.20-113.87,P =0.00;CC gene type OR =95.83,95％ CI:17.99-510.49,P =0.00).Auxiliary ventilation time and maximum oxygenation index of newborns carrying C allele were higher than those without carrying C allele.Conclusion CRHR1 (rs4458044) polymorphism is closely associated with PPHNs.

A comparative study on LISA and INSURE techniques in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and intubation-surfactant-extubation to CPAP (INSURE) techniques in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Method From January 2016 to January 2017,premature infants with RDS admitted to our hospital were prospectively and randomly assigned into the LISA group and the INSURE group.A 6F suction tube was used to drip pulmonary surfactant (PS) into the trachea with non-invasive respiratory support in the LISA group.INSURE technique and endotracheal intubation with surfactant administration were used in the INSURE group.The following indicators were examined:the time needed for intubation,the change of percutaneous oxygen partial pressure and the incidence of bradycardia during administration,regurgitation after administration,oxygen therapy duration,mechanical ventilation duration,re-administration of PS and apnea.Secondary indicators included the incidences of pneumothorax,pulmonary hemorrhage,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH),bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD),preterm retinopathy (ROP),and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).Result A total of 145 cases were included including 76 in LISA group and 69 in INSURE group.The gestational age was 27～34 weeks.The birth weight was (1 650±480) g.No statistically significant differences existed between the two groups on the time needed for intubation,the change of percutaneous oxygen partial pressure,mechanical ventilation duration,oxygen therapy duration,the incidence of bradycardia,re-administration of PS,apnea and other complications (P＞0.05).Statistically significant differences existed in the incidence of regurgitation (46.1％ in LISA group vs.29.0％ in INSURE group),mechanical ventilation within 72 hours (13.2％ in LISA group vs.27.5％ in INSURE group) and the incidence of BPD (6.6％ in LISA group vs.17.4％ in INSURE group) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with INSURE,LISA technique is effective for the treatment of RDS and reduce invasive ventilation duration and the occurrence of BPD.

Effect of surfactant on respiratory distress syndrome: evaluation by bedside pulmonary ultrasonography / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the relationship between the lung ultrasonography and the chest X-ray and to study the value of lung ultrasonography score (LUS) in evaluating the effect of pulmonary surfactant (PS) on respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of newborn.Method Preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 and diagnosed with RDS were prospectively studied.LUS examinations were performed prior to,and within the first 6～12 hours after surfactant administration,chest X-rays were also performed at the same time so as to evaluate the effects of surfactant replacement therapy and the correlation between the lung ultrasonography and the chest X-rays.Lung ultrasonography findings at a total of six sites,with three sites in each lung were scored based on the presence of normal finding,the amount of B-lines and subpleural consolidations.Result A total of 45 preterm infants with RDS were enrolled.The cases of X-ray grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ before PS administration were 5 cases,21 cases,12 cases and 7 cases respectively.The scores of LUS 0～6,7～12,13～ 18 were 5 cases,37 cases and 3 cases respectively,and the median of LUS was 10 points.Chest X-ray grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ within 6～12 hours after PS administration were 18 cases,17 cases,8 cases and 2 cases respectively.LUS of 0～6,7～12,13～18 were 21 cases,20 cases and 4 cases respectively.The median of LUS after PS was 7 points.LUS after PS application was significantly lower than that before PS application (P＜0.001).The LUS was positively correlated with the grades of X-ray before and after surfactant administration (before surfactant administration r =0.688,P＜0.001,after surfactant administration r =0.777,P＜0.001).Conclusion LUS is positively correlated with the grade of chest X-ray and might enable an early detection of the surfactant replacement therapy effects in RDS.Further studies are necessary to define the role of LUS in this field.

Effect of transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy on ureteral calculi / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 205 patients with ureteral calculi from September 2015 to June 2017 in the affiliated hospital of Panzhihua university.According to the surgical method,all the patients were divided into control group (102 cases) who were treated with conventional pneumatic lithotripsy and observation group(103cases) who received transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy.The surgical efficacy,renal function indexes and surgical indexes of the two groups were compared and analyzed respectively.Results The total effective rate of observation group was 97.06％,the control group was 85.00％,the difference between two groups was significantly(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in Cr and BUN level before surgery between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);after treatment,the Cr and BUN levels of two groups were improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05);while the renal function improved index of observation group was significantly better than that of control group,the difference was significant(P ＜ 0.05).The intraoperative blood loss,operative time and postoperative hospital stay of the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy and normal air pressure ballistic were both well treatment for ureteral calculi,but patients with the holmium laser lithotripsy have better renal function indexes and operation index.

New triterpenoid saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng / 药学学报

Five triterpene saponins were isolated from the aqueous extract of the leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen via various chromatographic approaches, including HPD-100 macroporous resin, silica gel, reverse phase C18 and so on. Spectroscopic and chemical methods were used to elucidated their structures, which were determined to be 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12β,23(R)-epoxydammara-24-ene-3β,6α,20(S)-triol 20-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12β,23(R)-epoxydammara-24-ene-3β,6α,20(S)-triol 20-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), notoginsenoside FP2 (3), gypenoside Ⅸ (4), ginsenoside Rg1 (5). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds and named as notoginsenoside Fh8 and notoginsenoside Fh9.